
Brassica oleracea var. acephala
A hardy brassica for the UK garden, kale grows well in open ground and gives a long harvest in cool weather. It copes with frost, and the leaves often taste better after a cold spell.
Step-by-step instructions for growing Kale
Sow seeds around 28th February - 29th May in a prepared seedbed or shallow drills. Sow thinly to a depth of and keep the soil evenly moist while they germinate.
When seedlings are large enough to handle, thin them out so the strongest plants have room to develop. Keep the bed watered, and protect the young plants from pigeons if they are taking a liking to the leaves.
Move plants to their final position when they are sturdy enough to handle. Space them about apart, then firm the soil hard around each plant so the roots are anchored well and wind-rock is avoided. Water in thoroughly straight after planting.
Fit fine netting over the row from 5th May to keep out cabbage white butterflies and pigeons. Add brassica collars round the stems to help prevent cabbage root fly from laying eggs at the base.
Start feeding once the plants are properly settled, then repeat every 28 days through the main growing period. Use a nitrogen-rich feed and keep the soil moist so the leaves stay tender and keep coming.
Start picking from 19th July once the plants are well established. Take the outer leaves first and leave the growing point intact so the plant keeps cropping. Regular picking keeps the plants productive right through to 10th November.
Tap a plant to see why it works (or doesn't) with Kale.
Companion planting can deter pests, improve pollination, and make better use of space. Some plants confuse pests or attract beneficial insects; others improve soil or offer shade to neighbours that need it.
Popular varieties of Kale to consider
A hardy black kale with long, narrow leaves and a strong texture. Good for repeated picking in the UK garden.
A reliable winter kale with good cold tolerance and large, curly leaves. Suits open ground and keeps cropping well.
A deep purple-red kale with frilled leaves and good ornamental value. Tends to look best and taste best after frosts.
See how Kale timing shifts in other towns with different frost dates.