
Brassica napus subsp. napobrassica
A hardy root crop for the UK, swedes do best in firm, fertile soil that has been well dug and cleared of stones. Sow outdoors in late spring to early summer, thin carefully, and keep the plants covered with fine mesh to reduce cabbage root fly damage. Lift roots from autumn onwards, and leave some in the ground where the soil drains well for harvests through winter.
Step-by-step instructions for growing Swede
Dig the soil deeply and remove stones, then rake it to a fine, even finish for 14th April - 28th April. Do not add fresh manure, as it can make roots fork and split.
Sow seeds thinly in shallow drills around 21st April - 26th May, then water the row in well. Keep the soil moist while seedlings establish, and sow a second short row 21 days later if you want a longer harvest period.
Cover the bed with fine insect-proof mesh from 21st April straight after sowing. Seal the edges well to keep out cabbage root fly and remove the cover only for weeding or thinning.
From 29th May - 5th June, thin seedlings gradually to the final spacing so the roots can swell properly. Water the bed first, then remove the weakest plants with a small pull rather than disturbing the rest.
From 5th June to 6th October, keep the bed evenly moist in dry spells and hoe off weeds before they compete with the crop. Check the mesh stays tight after rain and wind, and water at the base rather than over the foliage.
Lift roots from 5th September once they are a good size, then keep harvesting through 3rd February. In light, free-draining soil you can leave some in the ground and take them as needed, but lift them before the roots become coarse.
Tap a plant to see why it works (or doesn't) with Swede.
Companion planting can deter pests, improve pollination, and make better use of space. Some plants confuse pests or attract beneficial insects; others improve soil or offer shade to neighbours that need it.
Popular varieties of Swede to consider
A reliable modern swede with good-sized, round roots and steady autumn cropping.
An old favourite with good flavour and dependable roots for the kitchen garden.
A hardy, well-fleshed variety suited to UK conditions and winter harvesting.